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BJA Advance Access published online on July 1, 2005
British Journal of Anaesthesia, doi:10.1093/bja/aei184
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© The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journal.permissions@oupjournals.org
Accepted April 29, 2005

Laboratory Investigation

Characteristics of propofol-evoked vascular pain in anaesthetized rats

R. Ando 1* and C. Watanabe 1

1 Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku 981-8558, Sendai, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
R. Ando, E-mail: rando{at}tohoku-pharm.ac.jp


  Abstract

Background. In this study we have assessed vascular pain caused by the i.v. anaesthetic agent, propofol, using the flexor reflex response and compared this with that of capsaicin in anaesthetized intact rats.

Methods. Experiments were performed on 133 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 280-340 g. The animals were anaesthetized with urethane (1.3 g kg-1, i.p.), and an arterial cannula was inserted to the level of the bifurcation of the femoral artery. The magnitude of the flexor reflex was examined by recording the electromyogram from the posterior biceps femoris/semitendinosus muscles.

Results. Our data show that the flexor reflexes evoked by intra-arterial (i.a.) injection of propofol (1%, 25-100 µl) and capsaicin (0.05-0.2 µg) were dose dependent. An initial i.a. injection of procaine (2%, 200 µl) blocked both responses. Furthermore, the flexor reflex induced by these chemical stimuli were inhibited by morphine (5 mg kg-1, s.c.) and restored with naloxone (1.5 mg kg-1, s.c.). Pre-treatment with capsazepine (20 µg, i.a.), a selective VR1 antagonist, inhibited the capsaicin-evoked response, but not that of propofol. Indomethacin (10 mg kg-1, i.p.), a non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, inhibited only the propofol-evoked response and this recovered with arterial PGE2 (5 µg).

Conclusions. Collectively our data suggest that propofol-evoked vascular pain is mainly initiated by prostanoids.

Keywords: anaesthetics i.v., propofol; analgesics non-opioid, indomethacin; biotransformation (drug); capsaicin; capsazepine; reflexes, flexor.
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