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BJA Advance Access published online on April 1, 2005
British Journal of Anaesthesia, doi:10.1093/bja/aei127
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© The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journal.permissions@oupjournals.org
Accepted February 2, 2005

Laboratory Investigation

Haemodynamic effects of haemorrhage during xenon anaesthesia in pigs

J.-H. Baumert 1*, K. E. Hecker 1, M. Hein 1, S. M. Reyle-Hahn 2, N. A. Horn 1, and R. Rossaint 1

1 Klinik fuer Anaesthesiologie, Universitaetsklinikum Aaachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
2 Department of Anaesthesia, Waldkrankenhaus Spandau, Berlin, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
J.-H. Baumert, E-mail: jbaumert{at}ukaachen.de


  Abstract

Background. It was hypothesized that xenon would stabilize mean arterial pressure (MAP) in haemorrhagic shock, recovery, and volume resuscitation, because a higher MAP has been observed with xenon, when compared with isoflurane anaesthesia. The responses to haemorrhage and subsequent volume replacement were therefore compared between xenon and isoflurane anaesthesia, in pigs.

Methods. Pigs were randomized to anaesthesia with xenon 0.55 MAC (group Xe, n=9) or isoflurane 0.55 MAC (group Iso, n=9), each with remifentanil 0.5 µg kg-1 min-1. MAP, heart rate, cardiac output (CO), and left ventricular fractional area change (FAC) were collected at control (1), after haemorrhage (20 ml kg-1) (2), after 10 min of recovery (3), after volume replacement (4), and 30 min later (5). Data were analysed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA.

Results. Blood loss decreased MAP (Xe: 103 [21] to 53 [24] mm Hg; Iso: 92 [18] to 55 [14] mm Hg) and CO (Xe: 4.1 [0.8] to 2.6 [0.5] litre min-1; Iso: 5.1 [1.1] to 3.8 [1.2] litre min-1), in spite of significant tachycardia. MAP and CO recovered to about 75% of control, and subsequent volume replacement completely reversed symptoms in both groups, but increased FAC only with xenon.

Conclusion. Haemodynamic response to acute haemorrhage appeared faster with xenon/remifentanil than with isoflurane/remifentanil anaesthesia. In particular MAP decrease and short-term recovery were more marked with xenon (P<0.02). In the xenon group, volume replacement increased FAC compared with control and isoflurane (P<0.02).

Keywords: measurement techniques, trans-oesophageal echocardiography; model; model, pigs; xenon.
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J.-H. Baumert, M. Hein, K. E. Hecker, S. Satlow, J. Schnoor, and R. Rossaint
Autonomic cardiac control with xenon anaesthesia in patients at cardiovascular risk
Br. J. Anaesth., June 1, 2007; 98(6): 722 - 727.
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