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BJA Advance Access published online on March 11, 2005
British Journal of Anaesthesia, doi:10.1093/bja/aei104
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© The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journal.permissions@oupjournals.org
Accepted December 20, 2004

Clinical Investigation

Propofol 6% as sedative in children under 2 years of age following major craniofacial surgery

S. A. Prins 1, M. Y. M. Peeters 2, R. J. Houmes 3, M. van Dijk 1, C. A. J. Knibbe 2, M. Danhof 4, and D. Tibboel 1*

1 Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
2 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
3 Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
4 Leiden/Amsterdam, Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmacology, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
D. Tibboel, E-mail: j.illsley{at}erasmusmc.nl


  Abstract

Background. After alarming reports concerning deaths after sedation with propofol, infusion of this drug was contraindicated by the US Food and Drug Administration in children <18 yr receiving intensive care. We describe our experiences with propofol 6%, a new formula, during postoperative sedation in non-ventilated children following craniofacial surgery.

Methods. In a prospective cohort study, children admitted to the paediatric surgical intensive care unit following major craniofacial surgery were randomly allocated to sedation with propofol 6% or midazolam, if judged necessary on the basis of a COMFORT behaviour score. Exclusion criteria were respiratory infection, allergy for proteins, propofol or midazolam, hypertriglyceridaemia, familial hypercholesterolaemia or epilepsy. We assessed the safety of propofol 6% with triglycerides (TG) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, blood gases and physiological parameters. Efficacy was assessed using the COMFORT behaviour scale, Visual Analogue Scale and Bispectral IndexTM monitor.

Results. Twenty-two children were treated with propofol 6%, 23 were treated with midazolam and 10 other children did not need sedation. The median age was 10 (IQR 3-17) months in all groups. Median duration of infusion was 11 (range 6-18) h for propofol 6% and 14 (range 5-17) h for midazolam. TG levels remained normal and no metabolic acidosis or adverse events were observed during propofol or midazolam infusion. Four patients had increased CPK levels.

Conclusion. We did not encounter any problems using propofol 6% as a sedative in children with a median age of 10 (IQR 3-17) months, with dosages <4 mg kg-1 h-1 during a median period of 11 (range 6-18) h.

Keywords: anaesthesia, paediatric; anaesthetics i.v., propofol; sedation, postoperative; safety.
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