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BJA Advance Access originally published online on January 7, 2005
British Journal of Anaesthesia 2005 95(1):82-87; doi:10.1093/bja/aei062
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© The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journal.permissions@oupjournals.org

REVIEW ARTICLE

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction

C. D. Hanning

University Hospitals of Leicester and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

E-mail: chris.hanning@uhl-tr.nhs.uk

Keywords: cognitive dysfunction, postoperative; measurement techniques; psychology

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
The target organ for anaesthetic drugs is the brain. For many years, it has been assumed that their effects do not outlast their pharmacological action, that the target organ is restored to its previous state once the agent is eliminated. There is increasing evidence that this is not true, that long term or even permanent neuronal and neurological change can follow administration of anaesthetic drugs. The brain appears to be particularly vulnerable at the beginning and end of its life. Animal studies have suggested that permanent changes may be induced in developing brains,11 12 23 but this review will concentrate on changes which may occur in the ageing brain. The earliest manifestation of neuronal damage in the brain is a decline in the higher cortical functions of storage and recall of memory and cognitive processing.

The increasingly aged population has stimulated research into premature cognitive decline from all causes. A number of . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   Definition and measurement
 
Test–retest reliability

   Risk of POCD
 
Post-cardiac surgery

   Causation of POCD
 
Animal studies
Genotypes
Cortisol

   Conclusions
 

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