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British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2002, Vol. 89, No. 3 424-427
© 2002 The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia

research-article

Comparison of morphine alone with morphine plus clonidine for postoperative patient-controlled analgesia

S. A. Jeffs1,*, J. E. Hall1 and S. Morris2

1 University of Wales College of Medicine Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
2 Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, Llandough Hospital Penlan Road, Llandough, Penarth, South Glamorgan, UK

*Corresponding author

Background. Clonidine is an {alpha}2 adrenergic agonist with analgesic properties. This study aimed to see if the addition of clonidine to morphine when given by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) would improve analgesia beyond the first 12 h after surgery.

Methods. Sixty patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery were recruited into a randomized double blind study. At the end of surgery Group C received an infusion of clonidine 4 µg kg–1 over 20 min, PCA clonidine 20 fa.g and morphine l mg bolus. Group M received an infusion of saline and then PCA morphine l mg bolus. Pain, sedation and nausea and vomiting were assessed after 12, 24 and 36 h, and satisfaction with analgesia was assessed at 36 h.

Results. Pain scores were significantly lower in Group C between 0 and 12 h, but thereafter there was no difference. Morphine consumption was the same for both groups until 24–36 h. Nausea and vomiting was significantly reduced in Group C between 0 and 24 h. Patients in Group C were significantly happier with their pain relief (four-point scale).

agonists, adrenergic analgesia, patient-controlled analgesics opioid, morphine pharmacology, clonidine pharmacology, morphine vomiting, nausea, anaesthetic factors


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