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British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol 77, Issue 4 537-543, Copyright © 1996 by The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia

LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS

Sevoflurane degradation to compound A in anaesthesia breathing systems

D. D. Cunningham, S. Huang, J. Webster, J. Mayoral and R. W. Grabenkort
Abbott Laboratories, Hospital Product Division Research and Development, Department 971, Building AP4, One Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-3500, USA

Determination of an effective rate constant and activation energy allowed the application of steady-state theory to predict concentrations of compound A from sevoflurane concentrations, fresh gas flow rate, absorbent temperature and amount of absorbent. Studies by eight research groups were compared. Lower concentrations of compound A than predicted were observed at low flow rates, suggesting that its degradation by the absorbent is important in limiting the maximum observed concentrations in closed and low-flow breathing systems. Trial- to-trial and batch-to-batch variations in compound A concentrations were observed in model system tests of commercial and pilot-plant absorbents. Chemical modification of the absorbent with glycerol lowered concentrations of compound A, possibly by formation of a nucleophilic addition product. An ideal chemical scavenger would remain stable and non-volatile in the absorbent before irreversibly reacting with compound A to form a stable non-volatile product.
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