BJA Advance Access originally published online on March 27, 2006
British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006 96(5):602-607; doi:10.1093/bja/ael069
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Landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, does not alter the electroencephalographic effect of isoflurane in swine model
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
*Corresponding author. E-mail: tadkur{at}hama-med.ac.jp
Background. ß-Adrenergic blocking agents may interact with anaesthetics, and several studies suggest that ß-blockers attenuate electroencephalographic responses during general anaesthesia. We have investigated the influence of landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, on the electroencephalographic effect of isoflurane in pigs.
Methods. Ten swine were anaesthetized through inhalation of 2% isoflurane. The inhalational concentration was then decreased to 0.5% and maintained for 25 min, before being returned to 2% and maintained for a further 25 min (control period). After control measurements, infusion of landiolol (at 0.125 mg kg–1 min–1 for 1 min, and then at 0.04 mg kg–1 min–1) was started. After a 20 min stabilization period, the inhalational concentration was varied as in the control period (40 
landiolol). Finally, infusion of landiolol was increased from 0.04 to 0.2 mg kg–1 min–1, and after a 20 min stabilization period, the inhalational concentration was again varied as in the control period (200 landiolol). End-tidal isoflurane concentrations and spectral edge frequencies were recorded throughout the study. Analysis of the pharmacodynamics was performed using a sigmoidal inhibitory maximal effect model for spectral edge frequency vs effect-site concentration.
Results. There were no significant differences in the effect of isoflurane among the conditions used. Landiolol did not shift the concentration–effect relationship [the effect-site concentration that produced 50% of the maximal effect was 1.35 (0.17)% under control conditions, 1.30 (0.12)% at 40 landiolol, and 1.38 (0.30)% at 200 landiolol].
Conclusion. Landiolol does not alter the electroencephalographic effect of isoflurane.
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