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BJA Advance Access originally published online on November 29, 2005
British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006 96(1):88-94; doi:10.1093/bja/aei285
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© The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Mu and delta, but not kappa, opioid agonists induce spastic paraparesis after a short period of spinal cord ischaemia in rats{dagger}

M. Kakinohana1,*, S. Nakamura1, T. Fuchigami1, K. J. Davison2, M. Marsala3 and K. Sugahara1

1 Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 3 Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

* Corresponding author. Department of Anesthesiology, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan. E-mail: mnb-shk{at}ryukyu.ne.jp

Background. Intrathecal (IT) morphine given after a short interval of aortic occlusion in a rodent model induced transient spastic paraparesis via opioid receptor-predicted actions in spinal cord. To determine the role(s) of spinal opioid receptor subtypes we investigated whether IT administration of various selective opioid receptor agonists can induce paraparesis following a short period of spinal cord ischaemia in rats.

Methods. In Sprague–Dawley rats implanted with an IT catheter, spinal cord ischaemia was induced for 6 min using an intraaortic balloon. Mu ([D-Ala2, N-Me Phe4, Gly-ol5] enkephalin), kappa (U50488H) or delta ([D-Pen2,5] enkephalin) selective agonists were injected intrathecally 30 min after reperfusion. A separate group of animals was used to investigate the dose–response effect on this motor dysfunction. For this purpose, three doses of mu, kappa, or delta agonists were injected intrathecally after ischaemia. After IT injection, recovery of motor function was assessed periodically using the motor deficit index (0=complete recovery; 6=complete paraplegia).

Results. IT administration of mu and delta but not kappa agonists produced dose-dependent effects in the induction of spastic paraparesis. In addition, this spasticity induced by IT mu and delta agonists was reversed completely by IT naloxone and naltrindole, respectively.

Conclusion. These results suggest that the effect of various opioids on motor function after a short period of spinal cord ischaemia depends upon individual opioid receptor subtypes.

{dagger} This work has been attributed mainly to Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus.


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