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BJA Advance Access originally published online on April 1, 2005
British Journal of Anaesthesia 2005 94(6):727-732; doi:10.1093/bja/aei127
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© The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journal.permissions@oupjournals.org

Haemodynamic effects of haemorrhage during xenon anaesthesia in pigs

J.-H. Baumert1,*, K. E. Hecker1, M. Hein1, S. M. Reyle-Hahn2, N. A. Horn1 and R. Rossaint1

1 Klinik fuer Anaesthesiologie, Universitaetsklinikum Aaachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. 2 Department of Anaesthesia, Waldkrankenhaus Spandau, Berlin, Germany

* Corresponding author. E-mail: jbaumert{at}ukaachen.de

Background. It was hypothesized that xenon would stabilize mean arterial pressure (MAP) in haemorrhagic shock, recovery, and volume resuscitation, because a higher MAP has been observed with xenon, when compared with isoflurane anaesthesia. The responses to haemorrhage and subsequent volume replacement were therefore compared between xenon and isoflurane anaesthesia, in pigs.

Methods. Pigs were randomized to anaesthesia with xenon 0.55 MAC (group Xe, n=9) or isoflurane 0.55 MAC (group Iso, n=9), each with remifentanil 0.5 µg kg–1 min–1. MAP, heart rate, cardiac output (CO), and left ventricular fractional area change (FAC) were collected at control (1), after haemorrhage (20 ml kg–1) (2), after 10 min of recovery (3), after volume replacement (4), and 30 min later (5). Data were analysed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA.

Results. Blood loss decreased MAP (Xe: 103 [21] to 53 [24] mm Hg; Iso: 92 [18] to 55 [14] mm Hg) and CO (Xe: 4.1 [0.8] to 2.6 [0.5] litre min–1; Iso: 5.1 [1.1] to 3.8 [1.2] litre min–1), in spite of significant tachycardia. MAP and CO recovered to about 75% of control, and subsequent volume replacement completely reversed symptoms in both groups, but increased FAC only with xenon.

Conclusion. Haemodynamic response to acute haemorrhage appeared faster with xenon/remifentanil than with isoflurane/remifentanil anaesthesia. In particular MAP decrease and short-term recovery were more marked with xenon (P<0.02). In the xenon group, volume replacement increased FAC compared with control and isoflurane (P<0.02).


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J.-H. Baumert, M. Hein, K. E. Hecker, S. Satlow, J. Schnoor, and R. Rossaint
Autonomic cardiac control with xenon anaesthesia in patients at cardiovascular risk
Br. J. Anaesth., June 1, 2007; 98(6): 722 - 727.
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