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British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2001, Vol. 86, No. 1 5-11
© 2001 The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia

Sedative, analgesic and cognitive effects of clonidine infusions in humans{dagger}

J. E. Hall1, T. D. Uhrich2 and T. J. Ebert2

1Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK. 2Department of Anesthesiology, VA Medical Center and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA*Corresponding author: Department of Anaesthesiology, VA Medical Centre 112A, 5000 West National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA

{dagger} This article is accompanied by Editorial I.

This placebo-controlled, randomized study evaluated, on separate days, the dose–response relationship for 1 h infusions of clonidine 1, 2 and 4 µg kg–1 h–1, in eight healthy volunteers aged 22–30 yr. Response end-points included sedation (bispectral index, visual analogue scale and observer assessment of sedation), analgesia to a cold pressor test, memory (recall of word lists), cognitive function (digit symbol substitution test (DSST)), respiratory function (respiratory rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide, oxygen saturation) and haemodynamic stability (heart rate and mean arterial pressure). Clonidine infusions resulted in significant and progressive sedation, but all subjects were easily awoken to perform tests and evaluations. Statistically significant analgesia, memory impairment and reduced performance on the DSST occurred during 4 µg kg–1 h–1 infusions (resulting in a plasma concentration of 2 ng ml–1. There were no statistically significant changes in cardiorespiratory variables throughout the study.

Br J Anaesth 2001; 86: 5–11


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