British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol 84, Issue 4 476-488, Copyright © 2000 by Oxford University Press
G Burnstock
P2X receptors are a family of ligand-gated ion channels responsive to ATP.
Seven subtypes have been identified which form homo-multimeric or
hetero-multimeric pores. P2X3 receptors are selectively expressed
predominantly on small-diameter nociceptive sensory neurones in the dorsal
root, trigeminal and nodose ganglia, particularly the non- peptidergic
subpopulations labelled with the lectin IB4. P2X2/3 labelling is also
present in inner lamina II of the spinal cord and in sensory nerve
projections to skin and viscera, but few receptors are present in skeletal
muscle. P2X3 receptors are down-regulated after peripheral nerve injury and
their expression can be regulated by glial cell-derived neurotrophic
factor. P2X receptor activation of sensory neurones has been demonstrated
in in vivo pain models, including the rat hindpaw and knee-joint
preparations, as well as in inflammatory models. P2X4 and/or P2X6 receptors
in the CNS also seem to be involved in pain pathways. Non-nociceptive P2
receptors on sensory nerves are present in muscle and on sensory endings in
the heart and lung that initiate reflex activity involving vagal afferent
and efferent nerve fibres. The sources of ATP involved in nociception and
non-nociceptive sensory nerve stimulation are discussed as well as a novel
hypothesis about purinergic mechanosensory transduction.
ARTICLES
P2X receptors in sensory neurones
Autonomic Neuroscience Institute, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
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