British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol 84, Issue 3 372-377, Copyright © 2000 by Oxford University Press
GS Reta, JA Riva, H Piriz, AS Medeiros, PR Rocco and WA Zin
It is generally accepted that halothane reduces airway and tissue
resistance in lungs with preexisting airway tone. However, under conditions
of resting airway tone, pulmonary resistance remains unaltered. In this
study, we have determined the effects of halothane on respiratory system,
pulmonary and chest wall resistive, elastic and viscoelastic mechanical
properties, and related the results to findings from lung histology in
intact normal rats. Sixteen adult male Wistar rats were allocated randomly
to one of two groups (n = 8 in each group): control or halothane group. In
the control group, animals were sedated with diazepam 5 mg i.p. and
anaesthetized with pentobarbital 20 mg kg-1 i.p. In the halothane group,
the anaesthetic was administered at an end-tidal concentration of I MAC
throughout the study. Rats were paralysed and underwent mechanical
ventilation. Halothane decreased airway resistance but increased the tissue
component of resistance (caused by viscoelastic elements and lung
inhomogeneity). Static and dynamic elastance also increased with halothane
anaesthesia. Pulmonary resistance remained unchanged. Lung histopathology
demonstrated airway dilatation and a greater degree of lung collapse and
hyperinflation in the halothane group. We conclude that halothane
anaesthesia acts both on airway and lung tissue. In airway tissue,
dilatation occurs but the lung periphery stiffens. Consequently, these
opposing effects result in no overall apparent change in mechanical
properties, although changes are observed during halothane anaesthesia in
normal animal and subjects.
ARTICLES
Effects of halothane on respiratory mechanics and lung histopathology in normal rats
Departamento de Fisiopatologia, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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