Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow E-Letters: Submit a response to the article
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when E-letters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Search for citing articles in:
ISI Web of Science (10)
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Disclaimer
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Galletly, D.
Right arrow Articles by Larsen, P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Galletly, D.
Right arrow Articles by Larsen, P.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol 83, Issue 4 552-563, Copyright © 1999 by The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia

CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Ventilatory frequency variability in spontaneously breathing anaesthetized subjects

D. Galletly and P. Larsen
Section of Anaesthesia, Wellington School of Medicine, Wellington, New Zealand

During spontaneous breathing general anaesthesia, inspiration is generally started by a signal related to preceding cardiovascular activity. This phenomenon, 'cardioventilatory coupling', contributes to the variation in ventilatory frequency. However, the detailed, breath- to-breath timing relationship between heart beat and inspiratory onset is complex, with at least four distinct patterns (designated patterns I- IV). These coupling patterns are defined according to the particular breath-to-breath change in: (a) entrainment ratio and (b) coupling interval, the interval between inspiratory onset and the preceding initiating heart beat. We have examined the relationship between coupling and timing of breathing in adult subjects breathing spontaneously during general anaesthesia. The heart rate-ventilatory frequency interaction was explored by identifying the distribution of different coupling patterns in a plot of heart rate vs ventilatory frequency (the HR/f plot) and analysing the variation in breathing frequency during each coupling pattern by differentiating between changes in entrainment ratio from changes in coupling interval. We observed that: (i) coupling patterns are distributed within specific regions of the HR/f plot; (ii) specific patterns of variation in breathing are associated with each coupling pattern; (iii) this variation is a consequence of the balance between changes in entrainment ratio and coupling interval; (iv) coupling was invariably present at low breathing frequencies; and (v) the inverse non-linear relationship between ventilatory frequency and variation is largely a consequence of changing coupling pattern with ventilatory frequency. Coupling explains much of the breath-to-breath variability of ventilatory frequency during anaesthesia, and may be relevant to the phenomena of hypoventilation, central apnoea and ventilatory arrhythmia. A hypothesis concerning the generation of coupling patterns is presented.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
L. Mangin, C. Clerici, T. Similowski, and C.-S. Poon
Chaotic dynamics of cardioventilatory coupling in humans: effects of ventilatory modes
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2009; 296(4): R1088 - R1097.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
Y. C. Tzeng, P. D. Larsen, and D. C. Galletly
Effects of hypercapnia and hypoxemia on respiratory sinus arrhythmia in conscious humans during spontaneous respiration
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): H2397 - H2407.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
Y. C. Tzeng, P. D. Larsen, and D. C. Galletly
Mechanism of cardioventilatory coupling: insights from cardiac pacing, vagotomy, and sinoaortic denervation in the anesthetized rat
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2007; 292(4): H1967 - H1977.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
P. D. Larsen, Y. C. Tzeng, and D. C. Galletly
Quantal ventilatory variability during spontaneous breathing anaesthesia
Br. J. Anaesth., August 1, 2003; 91(2): 184 - 189.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
P. D. Larsen and D. C. Galletly
Cardioventilatory coupling in heart rate variability: the value of standard analytical techniques
Br. J. Anaesth., December 1, 2001; 87(6): 819 - 826.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
D. C. Galletly and P. D. Larsen
Cardioventilatory coupling in heart rate variability: methods for qualitative and quantitative determination
Br. J. Anaesth., December 1, 2001; 87(6): 827 - 833.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
D. C. Galletly and P. D. Larsen
Inspiratory timing during anaesthesia: a model of cardioventilatory coupling
Br. J. Anaesth., June 1, 2001; 86(6): 777 - 788.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.