British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol 83, Issue 2 321-324, Copyright © 1999 by The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia
L. E. Young, D. J. Marlin, R. M. McMurphy, K. Walsh and P. M. Dixon
Inhaled nitric oxide, a selective pulmonary vasodilator, is known to
improve arterial oxygenation after cardiopulmonary bypass and during acute
respiratory distress syndrome in humans. During general anaesthesia with
spontaneous ventilation, healthy adult horses develop large
alveolar-arterial oxygen tension differences. In this study, we have
determined the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (10 parts per million (ppm))
on venous admixture and pulmonary haemodynamics in horses anaesthetized
with halothane. Seven adult horses were studied twice in random sequence.
After premedication with romifidine 100 micrograms kg-1, anaesthesia was
induced with ketamine 2.2 mg kg-1 and maintained with 1.1 MAC (0.95%) of
halothane in oxygen. Horses breathed spontaneously. After 65 min, each
horse had nitric oxide 10 ppm added to the inspired gas for 20 min
(procedure HA + NO) or anaesthesia was continued with halothane in oxygen
(procedure HA). Cardiac output, minute ventilation, arterial and mixed
venous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, and mean pulmonary and carotid
arterial pressures were measured for 100 min. Shunt fraction and pulmonary
and systemic vascular resistances were calculated. Shunt fraction (SF) and
mean pulmonary artery pressure (PPA mean) were not different between the
two groups after 65 min of general anaesthesia (HA: SF 0.20 (SD 0.06), PPA
mean 45 (8) mm Hg; HA + NO: SF 0.21 (0.04), PPA mean 44 (7) mm Hg) or after
85 min (HA: SF 0.22 (0.07), PPA mean 45 (8) mm Hg; HA + NO: SF 0.20 (0.03),
PPA mean 43 (7) mm Hg). There were no significant effects of time or nitric
oxide inhalation on any other variable. There was a significant correlation
(r = 0.80, P < 0.05) between calculated shunt fraction 65 min after
induction of anaesthesia and body weight.
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
Effects of inhaled nitric oxide 10 ppm in spontaneously breathing horses anaesthetized with halothane
Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK; Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA; Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK; Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, R(D)SVS, Edinburgh, UK
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