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British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol 82, Issue 6 838-842, Copyright © 1999 by The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia

CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Splanchnic circulation and regional sympathetic outflow during peroperative PEEP ventilation in humans

A. Aneman, G. Eisenhofer, L. Fandriks, L. Olbe, J. Dalenback, P. Nitescu and P. Friberg
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Centre for Gastroenterological Research, Sahlgren's University Hospital, S-413 45 Goteborg, Sweden; Clinical Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

The splanchnic organs represent a major target for sympathetic outflow and an important region for haemodynamic effects on cardiovascular homeostasis. We have studied regional haemodynamic and sympathetic changes in the splanchnic bed during standardized circulatory stress from positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation (PEEP). We investigated eight patients undergoing major upper abdominal surgery using a radiotracer method to measure plasma spillover of norepinephrine as an index of sympathetic nerve activity using arterial, portal and hepatic venous blood sampling. Mesenteric and hepatic perfusion were measured by ultrasound transit time flowmetry and blood-gas analyses. Steady state measurements were performed before and during PEEP ventilation at 10 cm H2O. Plasma spillover of norepinephrine in the mesenteric and hepatic organs represented mean 49 (SEM 8)% and 7 (2)%, respectively, of systemic norepinephrine spillover at baseline, and PEEP ventilation did not cause any significant changes. However, PEEP ventilation significantly decreased portal venous blood flow while hepatic blood flow was preserved by a compensatory increase in hepatic arterial blood flow. Mesenteric and hepatic oxygen delivery changed according to blood flow, and there were no changes in regional oxygen consumption. Thus PEEP ventilation altered mesenteric and hepatic perfusion, independent of any change in corresponding sympathetic nerve activity. Regulation of hepatic blood supply, not related to sympathetic activity, maintained liver oxygenation during PEEP ventilation despite a simultaneous decrease in mesenteric perfusion.
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