Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow E-Letters: Submit a response to the article
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when E-letters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Search for citing articles in:
ISI Web of Science (68)
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Disclaimer
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Barr, G.
Right arrow Articles by Anderson, R. E.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Barr, G.
Right arrow Articles by Anderson, R. E.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol 82, Issue 6 827-830, Copyright © 1999 by The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia

CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Nitrous oxide does not alter bispectral index: study with nitrous oxide as sole agent and as an adjunct to i.v. anaesthesia

G. Barr, J. G. Jakobsson, A. Owall and R. E. Anderson
Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Anaesthesiology, Sabbatsberg Hospital, S-113 24 Stockholm, Sweden

We have studied the effect of nitrous oxide on bispectral index (BIS), calculated from a bipolar encephalogram. Inhalation of 70% nitrous oxide resulted in loss of consciousness in all healthy volunteers (n = 10) but no change in BIS. Brief inhalation up to 1.2% sevoflurane also resulted in loss of consciousness in volunteers (n = 5), but with sevoflurane, BIS decreased. BIS and the haemodynamic effects of adding nitrous oxide were also measured during coronary artery bypass surgery in patients (n = 10) receiving midazolam and fentanyl infusions. Measurements were made after 0%, 33%, 66% and 0% nitrous oxide, just before skin incision and after sternotomy. Nitrous oxide caused no change in BIS. BIS may indicate a sufficient hypnotic depth to prevent awareness during surgery, but our study demonstrated that pharmacological unconsciousness-hypnosis can also be reached by mechanisms to which BIS is not sensitive. Thus BIS is a sufficient but not a necessary criterion for adequate depth of anaesthesia or prevention of awareness.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
K. Robins and G. Lyons
Intraoperative Awareness During General Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
Anesth. Analg., September 1, 2009; 109(3): 886 - 890.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
C. Bennett, L. J. Voss, J. P. M. Barnard, and J. W. Sleigh
Practical Use of the Raw Electroencephalogram Waveform During General Anesthesia: The Art and Science
Anesth. Analg., August 1, 2009; 109(2): 539 - 550.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
D. M. Mathews, V. Gaba, B. Zaku, and G. G. Neuman
Can Remifentanil Replace Nitrous Oxide During Anesthesia for Ambulatory Orthopedic Surgery with Desflurane and Fentanyl?
Anesth. Analg., January 1, 2008; 106(1): 101 - 108.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
T. Matsuura, Y. Oda, K. Ikeshita, K. Nishikawa, K. Ito, and A. Asada
Differential electroencephalographic response to tracheal intubation between young and elderly during isoflurane and sevoflurane nitrous oxide anaesthesia
Br. J. Anaesth., December 1, 2007; 99(6): 858 - 863.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
S. Sakamoto, S. Nakao, M. Masuzawa, T. Inada, M. Maze, N. P. Franks, and K. Shingu
The Differential Effects of Nitrous Oxide and Xenon on Extracellular Dopamine Levels in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens: A Microdialysis Study
Anesth. Analg., December 1, 2006; 103(6): 1459 - 1463.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
C. A. Wong, R. J. Fragen, P. Fitzgerald, and R. J. McCarthy
A comparison of the SNAP IITM and BIS XPTM indices during sevoflurane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia at 1 and 1.5 MAC and at awakening
Br. J. Anaesth., August 1, 2006; 97(2): 181 - 186.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
K. S. Park, E. J. Hur, K. W. Han, H. Y. Kil, and T. H. Han
Bispectral index does not correlate with observer assessment of alertness and sedation scores during 0.5% bupivacaine epidural anesthesia with nitrous oxide sedation.
Anesth. Analg., August 1, 2006; 103(2): 385 - 9, table of contents.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
D. Karalapillai, K. Leslie, A. Umranikar, and A. R. Bjorksten
Nitrous oxide and anesthetic requirement for loss of response to command during propofol anesthesia.
Anesth. Analg., April 1, 2006; 102(4): 1088 - 1093.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
Y. Oda, K. Tanaka, T. Matsuura, I. Hase, K. Nishikawa, and A. Asada
Nitrous oxide induces paradoxical electroencephalographic changes after tracheal intubation during isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia.
Anesth. Analg., April 1, 2006; 102(4): 1094 - 1102.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
M. L. LeDuc, R. Atherley, S. L. Jinks, and J. F. Antognini
Nitrous oxide depresses electroencephalographic responses to repetitive noxious stimulation in the rat
Br. J. Anaesth., February 1, 2006; 96(2): 216 - 221.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
A. A. Dahaba
Different Conditions That Could Result in the Bispectral Index Indicating an Incorrect Hypnotic State
Anesth. Analg., September 1, 2005; 101(3): 765 - 773.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
A. J. Clapcich, R. G. Emerson, D. P. Roye Jr., H. Xie, E. J. Gallo, K. C. Dowling, B. Ramnath, and E. J. Heyer
The Effects of Propofol, Small-Dose Isoflurane, and Nitrous Oxide on Cortical Somatosensory Evoked Potential and Bispectral Index Monitoring in Adolescents Undergoing Spinal Fusion
Anesth. Analg., November 1, 2004; 99(5): 1334 - 1340.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 SEMIN CARDIOTHORAC VASC ANESTHHome page
L. D. Gugino, L. S. Aglio, and A. Yli-Hankala
Monitoring the Electroencephalogram During Bypass Procedures
Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, June 1, 2004; 8(2): 61 - 83.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
J. W. Sleigh and J. P. M. Barnard
Editorial I: Entropy is blind to nitrous oxide. Can we see why?
Br. J. Anaesth., February 1, 2004; 92(2): 159 - 161.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
R. E. Anderson and J. G. Jakobsson
Entropy of EEG during anaesthetic induction: a comparative study with propofol or nitrous oxide as sole agent{dagger}
Br. J. Anaesth., February 1, 2004; 92(2): 167 - 170.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
D. K. Tempe and L. Satyanarayana
Editorial I: Is there any alternative to the Bispectral Index Monitor?
Br. J. Anaesth., January 1, 2004; 92(1): 1 - 3.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
A. J. Davidson and C. Czarnecki
The Bispectral Index in children: comparing isoflurane and halothane
Br. J. Anaesth., January 1, 2004; 92(1): 14 - 17.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
R. D. Sanders, N. P. Franks, and M. Maze
Xenon: no stranger to anaesthesia
Br. J. Anaesth., November 1, 2003; 91(5): 709 - 717.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
C. Lysakowski, L. Dumont, M. Pellegrini, F. Clergue, and E. Tassonyi
Effects of fentanyl, alfentanil, remifentanil and sufentanil on loss of consciousness and bispectral index during propofol induction of anaesthesia
Br. J. Anaesth., April 1, 2001; 86(4): 523 - 527.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
D. K. Tempe
In Search of a Reliable Awareness Monitor
Anesth. Analg., April 1, 2001; 92(4): 801 - 804.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
M. F. Watcha
Investigations of the Bispectral Index Monitor in Pediatric Anesthesia: First Things First
Anesth. Analg., April 1, 2001; 92(4): 805 - 807.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
J. W. Sleigh, D. A. Steyn-Ross, M. L. Steyn-Ross, M. L. Williams, and P. Smith
Comparison of changes in electroencephalographic measures during induction of general anaesthesia: influence of the gamma frequency band and electromyogram signal
Br. J. Anaesth., January 1, 2001; 86(1): 50 - 58.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
G. D. Puri
Paradoxical changes in bispectral index during nitrous oxide administration
Br. J. Anaesth., January 1, 2001; 86(1): 141 - 142.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
C. Coste, B. Guignard, C. Menigaux, and M. Chauvin
Nitrous Oxide Prevents Movement During Orotracheal Intubation Without Affecting BIS Value
Anesth. Analg., July 1, 2000; 91(1): 130 - 135.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.