British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol 78, Issue 3 301-307, Copyright © 1997 by The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia
T. Asai, W. W. Mapleson and I. Power
We have studied the effect of clonidine, dexmedetomidine and morphine on
gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in the rat. In one group,
each agonist was injected i.p. in 6-12 male Wistar rats. In another group
of rats, yohimbine, naloxone or saline was injected with an agonist. At 30
min, radiolabelled saline 1 ml was infused into the stomach. At 1 h,
gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit were calculated by measuring
the radioactivity in the gastrointestinal tract. We found that clonidine
and dexmedetomidine strongly inhibited gastrointestinal transit (ED50 0.08
and 0.04 mg kg-1, respectively). They also significantly inhibited gastric
emptying (P < 0.05), but the effect was weak (95% confidence intervals
for difference from saline 8.2-34.9% with clonidine 1 mg kg-1 and 3.4-15.4%
with dexmedetomidine 0.03 mg kg-1). Morphine strongly inhibited both
gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit (ED50 2.8 and 1.2 mg kg-1,
respectively). Yohimbine significantly antagonized the inhibitory effects
of clonidine and dexmedetomidine (P < 0.05), whereas naloxone, which
significantly antagonized the effect of morphine (P < 0.01), did not
antagonize the effect of either of the other agonists.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
Differential effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in the rat
Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN
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