British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol 77, Issue 6 748-752, Copyright © 1996 by The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia
H. H. Woltjer, H. J. Bogaard, G. J. Scheffer, H. I. van der Spoel, MAJM. Huybregts and PMJM. de Vries
Since its introduction by Kubicek and colleagues, impedance cardiography
has been suggested as a non-invasive, simple, safe and cost-effective
method of measuring stroke volume. Several controversial reports on its
validity have been published. Pitfalls of this method included the nature
of the electrode system and the validity of the equations. Therefore, the
purpose of this study was to compare two different spot electrode arrays
and the two most frequently used stroke volume equations with each other
and with thermodilution. In 37 patients, 24-36 h after cardiac surgery, we
performed simultaneous measurements of stroke volume with impedance
cardiography (SVIC) and with thermodilution (SVTD). SVIC was obtained using
the lateral spot (LS) electrode array, according to Bernstein, and a newly
proposed modified semi-circular (MSC) spot electrode array. The equations
of Kubicek and Sramek-Bernstein were used to calculate SVIC. The Sramek-
Bernstein equation was valid only when the LS array was used; the Kubicek
equation determined SVTD correctly only when the MSC array was used.
However, a considerably better correlation and agreement (mean difference
(2 SD)) was found between SVIC and SVTD for the latter (r = 0.90, 0.5
(17.1) ml vs r = 0.64, -4.9 (31.8) ml for the Sramek- Bernstein equation).
We conclude that the most valid measurement of stroke volume using
impedance cardiography was obtained when the MSC array was used together
with Kubicek's equation.
CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Standardization of non-invasive impedance cardiography for assessment of stroke volume: comparison with thermodilution
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Academic Hospital VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anaesthesiology, Academic Hospital VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgical Intensive Care, Academic Hospital VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Academic Hospital VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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