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British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol 77, Issue 5 636-641, Copyright © 1996 by The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia

CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Fuzzy logic control of mechanical ventilation during anaesthesia

J. Schaublin, M. Derighetti, P. Feigenwinter, S. Petersen-Felix and A. M. Zbinden
Institute of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Research Section, University Hospital, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Automatic Control Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland

We have examined a new approach, using fuzzy logic, to the closed-loop feedback control of mechanical ventilation during general anaesthesia. This control system automatically adjusts ventilatory frequency (f) and tidal volume (VT) in order to achieve and maintain the end-tidal carbon dioxide fraction (FE'CO2) at a desired level (set-point). The controller attempts to minimize the deviation of both f and VT per kg body weight from 10 bpm and 10 ml kg-1, respectively, and to maintain the plateau airway pressure within suitable limits. In 30 patients, undergoing various surgical procedures, the fuzzy control mode was compared with human ventilation control. For a set-point of FE'CO2 = 4.5 vol% and during measurement periods of 20 min, accuracy, stability and breathing pattern did not differ significantly between fuzzy logic and manual ventilation control. After step-changes in the set-point of FE'CO2 from 4.5 to 5.5 vol% and vice versa, overshoot and rise time did not differ significantly between the two control modes. We conclude that to achieve and maintain a desired FE'CO2 during routine anaesthesia, fuzzy logic feedback control of mechanical ventilation is a reliable and safe mode of control.
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