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British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol 76, Issue 6 841-846, Copyright © 1996 by The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia

LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS

Differential effects of desflurane and halothane on peripheral airway smooth muscle

A. J. Mazzeo, E. Y. Cheng, Z. J. Bosnjak, R. L. Coon and J. P. Kampine
Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Zablocki Veterans Administration Medical Center, 5000 W. National Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, John L. Doyne Hospital, 8700 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA

Volatile anaesthetics have been shown to have direct relaxant effects on airway smooth muscle. We have examined the effects of 0.9, 1.9, and 2.8 dog MAC of desflurane and halothane on isolated proximal and distal canine airways precontracted with acetylcholine. The proximal and distal airway smooth muscle relaxed with increasing concentration of each anaesthetic in a dose-related manner. Desflurane had a greater relaxant effect than halothane on the proximal airway only at 2.8 MAC. Desflurane relaxed the distal airway to a greater extent than halothane at 1.9 and 2.8 MAC. The distal airway smooth muscle was more sensitive to volatile anaesthetics than the proximal airway smooth muscle with either halothane or desflurane at all concentrations tested. This effect may be a result of differences in cartilage content, myosin content, epithelium-dependent effects, receptor density, myofilament sensitivity to Ca2+, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ control, or ionic fluxes in the proximal airway compared with the distal airway. The increased sensitivity of airway smooth muscle to desflurane compared with halothane is not known but may be related to possible differences in the effects of Ca2+ homeostasis.
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