British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1989, Vol. 62, No. 1 70-76
© 1989 The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia
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OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND CARBON DIOXIDE ELIMINATION IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN DURING ANAESTHESIA AND SURGERY
Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905 U.S.A. Present address: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, S-22185 Lund, Sweden.
Oxygen consumption (VO2, ml min–1) and carbon dioxide elimination (VCO2, ml min–1), minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), rate of ventilation (f) and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (E' co2 %) were measured in 38 infants and children (body weights 3.6–25 kg). Four children (body weight < 5 kg) had congenital heart malformations and were studied during controlled mechanical ventilation, where-as the remainder (n = 34) who were healthy, breathed spontaneously. Anaesthesia was maintained with oxygen in air (FlO2 0.45) and halothane through a non-rebreathing circuit. Minute ventilation was measured by pneumo-tachography, E'CO2 with an in-line infra-red carbon dioxide meter and gas concentrations with a mass spectrometer. There were no differences in VO2 and VCO2 between children with and without heart disease. VO2 was related to body weight by the equation: VO2 = 5.0xkg+19.8 (r = 0.94) and VCO2 to body weight by the equation: VCO2 = 4.8xkg+6.4 (r = 0.94). There were no differences between VO2 or VCO2 before and after the start of surgery. In 11 of 21 patients weighing less than 10 kg, a reduced VCO2 was noted, giving respiratory quotients of less than 0.7. It is speculated that this age-dependent variation of VCO2 may result from partial inhibition of lipolysis in brown adipose tissue produced by halothane.
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