BJA Advance Access originally published online on November 16, 2008
British Journal of Anaesthesia 2009 102(1):135-139; doi:10.1093/bja/aen319
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Oesophageal seal of the novel supralaryngeal airway device I-GelTM in comparison with the laryngeal mask airways ClassicTM and ProSealTM using a cadaver model
1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus, Berlin, Germany
2 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
3 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
4 Center for Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
* Corresponding author. E-mail: willischmidbauer{at}bundeswehr.org
Background: Supraglottic airway devices are increasingly used in anaesthesia and emergency medicine. This study was designed to investigate the oesophageal seal of the novel supralaryngeal airway device, I-GelTM (I-Gel), in comparison with two of the laryngeal mask airways, ClassicTM (cLMA) and ProSealTM (pLMA), in a model of elevated oesophageal pressure.
Methods: The three supralaryngeal airway devices were inserted into eight unfixed cadaver models with exposed oesophagi that had been connected to a water column producing both a slow and a fast oesophageal pressure increase. The pressure applied until the loss of oesophageal seal during a slow and fast pressure increase was measured.
Results: During the slow increase of pressure, the pLMA withstood an oesophageal pressure up to a median of 58 cm H2O, while the cLMA was able to block the oesophagus up to a median of 37 cm H2O, and I-Gel already lost its seal at 13 cm H2O. One minute after maximum pressure had been applied, the pLMA withstood an oesophageal pressure of 59 cm H2O, the cLMA of 46 cm H2O, and I-Gel airway of 21 cm H2O. A fast release of oesophageal fluid was accomplished through the oesophageal lumen of both the pLMA and I-Gel.
Conclusions: Both the pLMA and cLMA provided a better seal of the oesophagus than the novel I-Gel airway. The pLMA and I-Gel drain off gastrointestinal fluid fast through the oesophageal lumen. Thus, tracheal aspiration may be prevented with their use. Further study is necessary.
Keywords: airway; airway, anatomy; airway, apparatus; complications, aspiration; intubation, laryngeal mask; respiratory, upper airway; safety